Beyond the Singularity
Copyright: Sanjay Basu Black Holes, Fuzzballs, and the Architecture of Spacetime's Breakdown The uncomfortable truth about black holes is this. We've been describing objects we don't actually understand. For over a century, we've told ourselves a story. A massive star collapses. Gravity wins. Spacetime curves so violently that nothing escapes. Not light, not information, not meaning. At the center lurks a singularity, a point of infinite density where the mathematics breaks and our physics confesses ignorance. The event horizon seals this cosmic crime scene forever. It's a compelling narrative. It's also almost certainly incomplete. The James Webb Space Telescope has been discovering black holes that shouldn't exist. Supermassive monsters lurking in galaxies less than 600 million years after the Big Bang, far too young to have grown so large through conventional accretion. In November 2025, LIGO detected gravitational waves from mergers involving sub-solar...