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Beyond the Singularity

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  Copyright: Sanjay Basu Black Holes, Fuzzballs, and the Architecture of Spacetime's Breakdown The uncomfortable truth about black holes is this. We've been describing objects we don't actually understand. For over a century, we've told ourselves a story. A massive star collapses. Gravity wins. Spacetime curves so violently that nothing escapes. Not light, not information, not meaning. At the center lurks a singularity, a point of infinite density where the mathematics breaks and our physics confesses ignorance. The event horizon seals this cosmic crime scene forever. It's a compelling narrative. It's also almost certainly incomplete. The James Webb Space Telescope has been discovering black holes that shouldn't exist. Supermassive monsters lurking in galaxies less than 600 million years after the Big Bang, far too young to have grown so large through conventional accretion. In November 2025, LIGO detected gravitational waves from mergers involving sub-solar...

The Kipple Horizon

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  Copyright: Sanjay Basu Digital Entropy in the Age of Generative AI What Kipple Is In Philip K. Dick’s 1968 novel  Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? , a character named J.R. Isidore articulates one of the author’s most quietly devastating ideas. Kipple, Isidore explains, is the accumulated detritus of civilization: junk mail, matchbooks, gum wrappers, expired coupons, broken appliances, and the endless miscellany that silently colonizes every horizontal surface. But kipple is not merely clutter. It possesses a quality that elevates it from annoyance to cosmic principle. “Kipple is useless objects, like junk mail or match folders after you use the last match or gum wrappers or yesterday’s homeopape,” Isidore says. “When nobody’s around, kipple reproduces itself.” Left alone, kipple overwhelms any space. It fills apartments, buildings, cities. In Dick’s post-apocalyptic California, entire structures have been surrendered to it, condemned not by structural failure but by the ...